摘 要

本文建立了美洲黑杨×小叶杨F1作图群体，并采用SSR分子标记检验了美洲黑杨与小叶杨杂种F1代的分离比。主要结论如下：

1. 建立美洲黑杨×小叶杨F1群体，群体大小400个以上，从中抽取300个个体作为作图群体。
2. 对100对SSR引物进行筛选，有20对SSR引物能够扩增出清晰且具备良好多态性的条带。
3. 本实验获得ab×bb, ab×cc，bc×aa, cc×ab, ab×aa, ab×00, cd×ab，ab×cd, aa×bc, aa×ab, bb×ab等11种可能被检测到的交配分离类型，各分离类型可能的分离比有1:1, 1:1:1:1等。
4. 本实验对所得分离数据进行χ²检验分离状况，21个标记位点中有3个偏分离，偏分离比为14.3%。

关键词：美洲黒杨×小叶杨 F1群体 SSR标记 基因分离检测

P. deltoides ×P.simonii F₁ population establishment and gene segregation detection

Abstract

In this experiment，A Populus deltoides × P.simonii F1 population was establishened for linkage map constuction. SSR molecular markers were applied to detect the gene segregation ratio in F1 population. The main results were as follows:

1. An inter-section hybrid of P. deltoides × P.simonii. was obtained. The F1 population size was more than 400, of which 300 genotypes were sampled randomly for gene segregation detection.
2. 20 polymorphism SSR loci were screened from 100 SSR primer pairs, so the polymorphism ratio of SSR primer pairs was about 20%.
3. The gene segregation pattern were ab×bb, ab×cc，bc×aa, cc×ab, ab×aa, ab×00, cd×ab，ab×cd, aa×bc, aa×ab, bb×ab respectively. And the segregation ratio was 1:1, 1:1:1:1.
4. Based on χ² test.3 markers were found with segregation distortion among 20 markers. Thus, segregation distortion ratio was 14.3%.

Key words: P. deltoids× P.simonii；. F1 population SSR markers; Gene segregation detection

目 录

前言.................................................................................................................................................1

1. 杨树遗传图谱构建....................................................................................................................1

1.1 杨树遗传连锁图谱构建的研究进展................................................................................1

1.2 构建连锁作图的理论基础和方法....................................................................................3

1.3 作图群体的选择及建立....................................................................................................4

1.3.1 作图群体的选择.......................................................................................................4

1.3.2 作图群体的大小.......................................................................................................5

1.4 SSR标记概述.....................................................................................................................5

1.4.1 SSR技术的基本原理................................................................................................6

1.4.2 SSR标记的研究进展................................................................................................6

1.4.3 SSR标记在遗传图谱构建中的应用........................................................................7

1.5 遗传连锁图谱构建的软件程序........................................................................................8

1.6 遗传图谱的应用................................................................................................................9

1.6.1 数量性状位点（QTL）定位...................................................................................9

1.6.2 开展比较基因组学研究.........................................................................................10

1.6.3 标记辅助选择.........................................................................................................11

1.6.4 基因定位和分离.....................................................................................................11

1.7 林木遗传作图研究存在的问题......................................................................................12

1.8 林木遗传图谱构建的发展趋势......................................................................................12

1.9本课题研究的目的及意义...............................................................................................12

2. 作图群体建立..........................................................................................................................13

2.1作图群体的准备...............................................................................................................13

2.1.1 杂交亲本收集.........................................................................................................13

2.1.2 人工杂交.................................................................................................................13

2.1.3 播种及苗期管理.....................................................................................................13