摘 要

本研究选取11个柳杉（cryptomeria fortunei）优良无性系，以两年生的扦插苗开展抗寒性试验。通过人工模拟低温的方法，分别于4、0、-4、-8、-12、-16、-20℃下处理柳杉枝条，测定枝条可溶性蛋白、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、相对电导率等抗寒相关指标。用主成分分析法确定各指标权重，并结合隶属函数法建立柳杉抗寒评价方法，筛选出抗寒性较强的无性系。主要研究结果如下：

（1）不同低温胁迫下，随着温度下降，11个柳杉无性系生理生化指标变化趋势基本一致，但是不同无性系间变化幅度不同。随着温度下降，相对电导率呈现上升趋势；SOD活性呈逐渐下降趋势；可溶性蛋白含量则先降低后升高；MDA含量出现波动。

（2）相关性研究表明，柳杉在不同温度处理下，4个生理生化指标存在密切相关性，并且指标间提供的信息有一定重叠。要想全面评价柳杉抗寒性必须结合多个指标。

（3）主成分分析结合隶属函数法，计算出抗寒性综合评价值，得出结论，57#,32#,68#这三个无性系抗寒性较强。

关键词：柳杉；抗寒性；生理测定；综合评价

Difference in Cold Tolerance and Establishment of Cold Tolerance Evaluation System of Cryptomeria Clones

Abstract

In this paper，11 clones of two-year-old cutting seedlings of Cryptomeria were selected as the tested materials . By an artificial method, the 11 cultivars were exposed to different temperatures (4,0,-4,-8,-12,-16,-20).Then, we measured cold resistance-related indices, such as soluble protein content, MDA, SOD and relative electric conductivity. The weight of cold resistance indices were determined by principal component analysis. A comprehensive method for assessing cold resistance in Cryptomeria was established by using a membership function method. At last, we can select out clones with better cold resistance. The major results were summarized as follows:

(1) As the temperature decreased, the changes of physiological and biochemical indicator on 11 Cryptomeria clones were almost the same under freezing resistance. But there were differences between different clones in variation range. When the temperature decreased, the relative electric conductivity raised; the SOD activities declined; the soluble protein content declined at first, and then raised; the MDA content fluctuated.

(2) Correlation study showed that, there were close relevance between 4 physiological and biochemical indicators of Cryptomeria under different temperature conditions. And there were must some overlaps between 4 physiological and biochemical indicators. We should combine a large number of indicators to compare cold resistance of Cryptomeria i.

(3) By counting the scores of 11 clones with principal component analysis combined a membership function method. we concluded that these 57#,32#,68#, three clones had greater cold resistance.

Key words: Cryptomeria; cold resistance; physiological indexes; comprehensive analysis

目 录

文献综述 - 1 -

1.1 柳杉生物学特性及研究进展 - 1 -

1.2 木本植物抗寒性概述 - 2 -

1.2.1 细胞膜与抗寒性的关系 - 2 -

1.2.2 含水量与抗寒性关系 - 2 -

1.2.3 酶防御系统与抗寒性关系 - 3 -

1.2.4 生理生化指标与抗寒性关系 - 3 -

1.2.5 抗寒评价体系 - 4 -

1.3 研究目的及意义 - 4 -

2 柳杉不同无性系抗寒相关生理指标差异分析及抗寒性评价 - 5 -

2.1 实验材料 - 5 -

2.2 实验方法 - 5 -

2.2.1 柳杉扦插苗低温处理 - 5 -

2.2.2 细胞膜透性的测定 - 6 -

2.2.3 丙二醛的测定 - 6 -

2.2.4 SOD的测定 - 6 -

2.2.5 可溶性蛋白的测定 - 7 -

2.2.6 抗寒性评价 - 8 -

2.2.7 数据处理与分析 - 9 -

2.3 结果与分析 - 9 -

2.3.1 不同低温处理下柳杉无性系相对电导率的变化 - 9 -

2.3.2 低温胁迫下柳杉无性系半致死温度 - 10 -

2.3.3 不同低温处理下柳杉无性系MDA的变化 - 11 -

2.3.4 不同低温处理下柳杉无性系SOD的变化 - 12 -

2.3.5 不同低温处理下柳杉无性系可溶性蛋白的变化 - 13 -

2.3.6 抗寒指标隶属度值 - 13 -

2.3.7 主成分分析 - 15 -

2.3.8 柳杉各无性系抗寒性综合评价 - 16 -

3 结论与讨论 - 17 -

3.1 结论 - 17 -

3.2 讨论 - 17 -

致 谢 - 19 -

参考文献 - 20 -

文献综述

1.1 柳杉生物学特性及研究进展

柳杉（Cryptomeria fortunei）又名长叶孔雀松，是我国特有树种，在我国的亚热带地区山林有分布。乔木，高达40米，胸径可达2米多，树冠狭圆锥形或圆锥形；树皮红棕色，纤维状，裂成长条片状脱落；大枝近轮生，平展或斜展；小枝细长，常下垂，绿色，枝条中部的叶较长，常向两端逐渐变短。叶钻形略向内弯曲，先端内曲，四边有气孔线，长1-1.5厘米，果枝的叶通常较短，幼树及萌芽枝的叶长达2.4厘米，四面有气孔线。可作观赏植物，也可药用^【1】。

柳杉一般生长在海拔400-1400m的背风向阳处，常与其他阔叶林混生，要求年降水量达1000㎜以上，年平均气温14-19℃，一月份平均气温0℃以上。适合生长在温暖湿润气候。土壤以山地黄棕壤，黄壤为主，在土层深厚、湿润而适水性较好,结构疏松的壤质酸性土中生长良好。