一株栎旋木柄天牛寄生菌的鉴定毕业论文

 2021-04-12 11:04

摘 要

栎树是分布最广的一种林业生物质能源树种。近年来栎旋木柄天牛(Aphrodisium sauteri)在我国南方栎林局部暴发成灾,已被国家林业局列为重要林业危险性有害生物。栎旋木柄天牛主要发生海拔400~1200m林分结构单一的人工栎林中。栎旋木柄天牛在黄山风景区寄主分布广、自然条件适宜、种群密度大,生活隐蔽,致使栎旋木柄天牛在黄山风景区分布范围迅速扩大,对当地的生态环境造成较大的破坏。

本文从黄山风景区收集了被真菌寄生致死的栎旋木柄天牛20头。为获得高致病力的菌株,对栎旋木柄天牛僵虫体上的真菌进行了分离、纯化、鉴定,其结果如下:

经过SDAY培养基培养,8株真菌中,除18号菌株外,其余7株菌株均形成了产孢结构。其菌落形态、分生孢子梗、瓶梗、分生孢子等的形态特征如下:菌落白色圆形,绒状疏松或毡状致密,中间凸起或略凸起,边缘整齐或锯齿状,反面黄色、浅黄色或橘黄色,菌丝有隔,透明,光滑。分生孢子梗柱状,基部膨大,向上变细,单生或由3~5个瓶梗组成的轮生体的分枝。分生孢子椭圆形、圆形,光滑,透明或略着色,分生孢子念珠状、长链状或叠瓦状排成斜链。

通过比对菌落形态、分生孢子梗、瓶梗、分生孢子等的形态特征,初步鉴定5、6、8、9、12、16、17等7个菌株为拟青霉属真菌,18号菌株因无产孢结构而未定种类。

关键词:栎旋木柄天牛;虫生真菌;分离;鉴定

The Identification of Several Entomogenous Fungi on Aphrodisium sauteri

ABSTRACT

Oak tree is the most widely distributed species in a forest biomass energy. In recent years, Aphrodisium sauteri outbreaks in southern China local oak forests. The State Forestry Administration has been confirmed as an important forest pest risk. Aphrodisium sauteri mainly occurs in the elevation 400 ~ 1200m stand a single structure oak artificial forest. Aphrodisium sauteri in the HuangShan Scenic Area has many characteristics.Such as Host widely distributed, Suitable natural conditions, Large population density, Hidden life and so on.These characteristics cause Aphrodisium sauteri rapidly to expand distribution in Huangshan Scenic Area which caused major damage on the local ecological environment .

In this paper,we collected 20 Aphrodisium sauteri from the huangshan scenic area which are lethal by parasitic fungus. In order to obtain highly pathogenic strainsn,we separate、purify、identify the fungi on the stiff parasites of Aphrodisium sauteri. The results are as follows:

Through culture in the SDAY medium, except the 18 strain, the remaining seven strains were formed sporulation structures in 8 fungi strains. The morphological characteristic of their colony morphology、conidiophore、phialides、conidia and so on as follows: white round colonies, velvet loose or felt dense, intermediate projections or slightly projections, neat edge or serrated, the back of colonies are yellow、pale yellow or orange, hyphae are separated, transparent and smooth. Conidiophore columnar, base dilated, fining upward, solitary or the branching of whorl which are composed by 3 to 5 phialides. Conidia are oval、round,smooth, transparent or slightly colored.Conidia arranged diagonally chain in beaded、long chain or imbricated.

By comparing the morphological characteristic of their colony morphology、conidiophore、phialides、conidia and so on , preliminarily identified 7 strains (5,6,8,9,12,16,17 ) as the fungus Paecilomyces, the 18 strain can not determined species because has no sporulation structures

Key words:Aphrodisium sauteri;entomogenous fungus;isolation; identification

目 录

1 前 言 - 1 -

1.1 栎旋木柄天牛的分布于危害 - 1 -

1.2 虫生真菌研究概况 - 1 -

1.3 真菌的几种鉴定方法 - 2 -

1.2.1 经典形态学 - 2 -

1.2.2 真菌DNA碱基组成的分类鉴定方法 - 3 -

1.2.3 DNA分子杂交技术 - 3 -

1.2.4 RFLP分析 - 3 -

1.2.5 RAPD分析 - 4 -

1.2.6 rDNA序列分析 - 4 -

1.4 本课题的研究意义 - 5 -

2 材料与方法 - 6 -

2.1 实验材料 - 6 -

2.1.1 样品的采集与前处理 - 6 -

2.1.2 培养基 - 6 -

2.2 实验方法 - 6 -

2.2.1虫寄生菌分离 - 6 -

2.2.2 病原菌形态特征的观察 - 6 -

3 结果与分析 - 7 -

3.1 菌落形态 - 7 -

3.2 产孢结构 - 10 -

4 结论与讨论 - 12 -

致 谢 - 15 -

参考文献 - 16 -

1 前 言

1.1 栎旋木柄天牛的分布和危害

天牛是一类种类多、分布广的昆虫。我国记载有2700多种,估计超过3000种。大部分种类是重要的蛀干害虫,同时天牛也是我国危害最为严重,治理最为困难的一类害虫。栎旋木柄天牛属鞘翅目(Coleoptera),天牛科(Cerambycidae),天牛亚科(Cerambyeidae),柄天牛属(Aphrodisium),主要分布在山东、广西、江西、河南等地。是国家林业局于2003年首次发布危险性林业有害生物。

文献记载,栎旋木柄天牛最初仅分布于台湾的阿里山。后来在山东的泰山、崂山和沂南山区,广西的猫儿山,江西的三清山及河南的部分山区发现该虫,且在江西的三清山和广西的猫儿山发生较为严重。江西省目前仅在三清山风景名胜区的南部景区海拔600~1500m中的阔叶混交林中发生。该虫在河南危害栓皮栎(Q.variabilis)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、青冈栎(Q.glauca)、僵子栎(Q.baronii)等壳斗科栎属植物;在三清山危害细叶青冈栎(Quercus myrsinaefolia)、巴东栎(Quercus engleriana)和麻栎;在山东只危害板栗(Castanea mollissima),不危害麻栎;在黄山风景区严重危害细叶青冈栎、青冈栎等栎属植物。栎旋木柄天牛在黄山风景区主要分布在400~1400m的高海拔地带。

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