摘 要

松墨天牛既可以直接危害松树，又是重大林业有害生物松材线虫病的传播媒介。为探讨适合黄山风景区的松墨天牛控制技术，本研究开展了引诱技术的筛选，取得以下结论：

（1）不同诱捕方式对松墨天牛引诱效果差异极显著。从6月中旬到8月下旬，APF-I引诱剂与其诱捕器引诱数量最多，平均每个诱捕器诱捕到松墨天牛达174.557.82头，显著高于其它诱捕方式。引诱松墨天牛数量从高到低的诱捕技术依次为APF-I引诱剂、黑光灯、紫光灯、M99引诱剂及其诱捕器、绿光灯，而SN800型引诱剂与其诱捕器未诱捕到松墨天牛。

（2）各引诱剂所引诱的松墨天牛雌虫数量均多于雄虫。其中，从6月10日至8月28日 ，共诱捕到松墨天牛1199头，其中雌虫822头，雄虫377头，雌、雄比为2.18:1。APF-I引诱剂、黑光灯、紫光灯、M99型引诱、绿光灯等引诱松墨天牛雌、雄比分别为：2.22:1、1.89:1、2.09:1、1.67:1 以及2:1 。APF-I引诱剂诱松墨天牛雌、雄比最高。

从捕获的天牛数量和雌、雄性比来看，APF-I型引诱剂对松墨天牛种群的控制能力最强。

（3）在黄山风景区，7月份诱捕松墨天牛数量最多，达681头；其次是8月份、6月份和9月份，分别为398头、277头和232头；10月诱捕到的松墨天牛数量最少，仅有34头。

从海拔310米到800米，不同海拔高度诱捕到的松墨天牛的时间动态与上述变化基本相一致。

（4）在三个不同海拔高度引诱松墨天牛时，海拔310m处，诱集到的数量最多，达777头。在海拔560m、800m分别诱集到463头和382头。随着海拔高度的增加，诱集到松墨天牛的数量逐步减少。因此，随着海拔高度的增加，松墨天牛种群密度逐步降低。在低海拔处种群密度最大，在高海拔处种群密度最低。

（5）诱捕器悬挂高度2.0m时，平均每个诱捕器诱捕天牛最多，达196.6782.66头， 悬挂高度在1.5m与2.5m时，平均每个诱捕器诱捕天牛数量分别为181.3375.59头和16663.27头。但不同悬挂高度对松墨天牛的引诱效果无明显差异。

关键词：黄山风景区；松墨天牛；诱捕器；引诱

The luring effect comparison of different attractants on Monochamus alternatus Hope in Huangshan Scenic Area

ABSTRACT

Monochamus alternatus Hope can not only directly harm the pine,and it is a major forest pest media pine wilt disease.To discuss the suitable control technology of Monochamus alternatus Hope in Huangshan Scenic Area,the study conducted to lure technology selection,has made the following conclusions:

(1) Different ways to trap the Monochamus alternatus Hope,luring effect is extremely significant difference.From the middle of June to late August,APF-I attractant and the traps lure the largest number,the average traps to trap Monochamus alternatus Hope reached 174.557.82,significantly higher than other trapping methods.The quantity for luring technology of Monochamus alternatus Hope in turn from high to low were APF-I attractant,black light lamp,black light bulbg,M99 attractant and traps,green light,and the SN800 attractant and traps didn’t lure any Monochamus alternatus Hope.

(2) The number of females each Monochamus alternatus Hope attractants to lure the males are more.Among them,from June 10 to August 28,altogether to trap Monochamus alternatus Hope 1199,of which 822 females,377 male,female and male ratio was 2.18:1.APF-I attractants,black light lamp, black light bulbg,M99 attractant,green light and so on , the male and female ratios were: 2.22:1,1.89:1,2.09:1,1.67:1 and 2:1.APF-I attractant lure Monochamus alternatus Hope than top male and female.

From the number of captured beetles and male and female ratio of view,APF-I attractant had the strongest ability to control the populations of Monochamus alternatus Hope.

(3) In the Huangshan Scenic Area,July Trapping Monochamus alternatus Hope maximum number of 681;followed by August,June and September,respectively,398,277 and 232;October to trap the least Monochamus alternatus Hope,only 34.

From an altitude of 310 meters to 310 meters,trapping at different altitudes to the temporal dynamics of Monochamus alternatus Hope basically consistent with the above changes.

(4) In three different altitudes luring Monochamus alternatus Hope,at an altitude of 310 meters,set to luring maximum number of 777.At an altitude of 560 metres and 800 metres, trapping 382 to 463,respectively.With increasing altitude,the traping number of Monochamus alternatus Hope gradually reduce.Thus,with increasing altitude,the population density of Monochamus alternatus Hope gradually reduce.In the low altitudes,the population density is the largest,and in the high altitudes,the population density is the lowest.

(5)Traps ride the height of 2.0 meters,the average per trap trapping beetles,at most,196.6782.66,ride the height from 1.5 meters to 2.5 meters,the average number of per trap were 181.3375.59 and 16663.27.But different suspension height on the Monochamus alternatus Hope luring effect has no obvious difference.

Key words: Huangshan Scenic Area;Monochamus alternatus Hope;trap;lure

目 录

摘 要 ii

ABSTRACT iii

目 录 v

1 前 言 - 1 -

2 文献综述 - 2 -

2.1 松墨天牛的危害 - 2 -

2.1.1 松墨天牛自身的危害性 - 2 -

2.1.2 松墨天牛携带松材线虫的危害性 - 2 -

2.2 松墨天牛的主要防治方法 - 2 -

2.2.1 生物防治 - 3 -

2.2.2 化学防治 - 3 -

2.2.2.1 引诱剂 - 3 -

2.2.2.2 抑制剂 - 4 -

2.2.3综合防治 - 4 -

3 材料与方法 - 5 -

3.1 实验地点与时间 - 5 -

3.1.1 实验地概况 - 5 -