福建省杉木种源径生长的地理变异研究

摘□要

本文通过对28个福建省省内杉木种源的径生长的研究，初步阐述了福建省省内杉木地理变异规律。利用R语言进行方差分析、多重比较、胸径均值与地理位置相关性分析、建立福建省杉木径生长地理变异模式图等处理，测定了福建省省内杉木种源径生长差异的显著性，并进行了优良种源的初步选择，将28个福建省杉木种源划分为6个不同的类群。方差分析结果表明，福建省省内种源间径生长差异极为显著，其中20号种源，即连成种源，胸径生长量最优。通过新复极差法，证实连成类群性状优异，并将其选为优良种源。通过相关性分析，发现径生长与地理经纬度之间相关性不强，或存在微弱的负相关。径生长量以118°北纬26.5°为中心，向东西递减，向南北递减。初步分析得出，福建省省内径生长是以生态型的方式变化的，并将其分为5个生态型。通过本文的分析，研究得出杉木胸径生长量在福建当地的地理变异模式，为该地区找出适应性良好、生产力高的种源，增加木材产量，改进木材品质，并为经营性造林选择了5种优良种源，为随后进行的林木改良计划实施优良遗传性选择做铺垫。

关键词：杉木；种源；地理变异；选择

Study on the Geographical Variation of Cunninghamia lanceolata Provenances in Fujian Province

ABSTRACT

The study on the diameter growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata provenances in Fujian province was carried out. Using the R language for variance analysis, multiple comparisons, DBH mean and geographical location correlation analysis, the establishment of Fujian Province Cunninghamia lanceolata diameter growth geography variation pattern map and other treatment, the determination of Fujian Province, Fujian Province, the difference between the growth of Cunninghamia lancea The preliminary selection of excellent provenances was divided into six different groups of six Cunninghamia lanceolata species. The results of variance analysis showed that the difference of provenances between species in Fujian Province was very significant,the Liancheng Province were the best provenances. Through the Duncan test, it is proved that the Liancheng Province are excellent, and they are selected as excellent provenances. Through the correlation analysis, it was found that the correlation between the diameter growth and the geography latitude and longitude was not strong, or there was a weak negative correlation. Diameter growth to 118 ° latitude 26.5 ° as the center, to the east and west decline, to the north and south decreasing. The preliminary analysis shows that the growth of the provincial diameter of Fujian Province is changed in the form of ecotype, and it is divided into five ecotypes. Based on the analysis of this paper, the geographical variation pattern of DBH growth in Fujian was found, and the provenances of good adaptability and high productivity were found in the area. The timber yield was increased, the quality of wood was improved, and the afforestation was selected. 5 kinds of excellent provenances, for the subsequent implementation of the tree improvement plan to achieve good genetic choice to pave the way.

Key words：Cunninghamia lanceolata；Provenances；Geographical Variation；selection

目 录

1.前言 - 4 -

1.1选题背景及意义 - 4 -

1.2研究进展 - 5 -

2.材料与方法 - 7 -

2.1材料来源 - 7 -

2.2试验地概况 - 8 -

2.3试验设计方案 - 8 -

2.4性状测定方法 - 8 -

2.5统计分析方法 - 8 -

3.结果与分析 - 9 -

3.1胸径数据正态性检验 - 9 -

3.2胸径生长量分析 - 10 -

3.3方差分析 - 12 -

3.4多重比较 - 12 -

3.5 优良种源选择 - 14 -

3.6胸径均值与地理位置相关性分析 - 14 -

3.7福建省胸径地理变异模式分析 - 15 -

4.结论与讨论 - 16 -

致 谢 - 19 -

参考文献 - 19 -

附录 - 20 -

1.前言

1.1选题背景及意义

杉木（Cunninghamia Lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook）为常绿乔木。其叶条状披针形，边缘有细锯齿，螺旋状着生，下中脉两侧各有10条白色气孔线。苞鳞和珠鳞的下部合生，呈螺旋状排列，苞鳞较大，珠鳞较小，先端为3裂。其腹基部生3枝胚珠。杉木球果近卵圆形或球形，种子两侧有窄翅^[1]。

杉木属于亚热带树种，喜光。其喜温暖湿润且多雾静风的气候环境，不耐严寒，不耐风，对水分需求较大。其适应年平均温度15℃～23℃、极端最低温度-17、年降水量800～2000mm的气候条件。其耐寒性大于它的耐旱能力，水湿条件对其的影响大于温度条件,不耐盐碱环境，拥有比一般树种更高的土壤要求，即喜肥沃、深厚、湿润、排水良好的酸性土壤。其具浅根性，没有明显的主根，侧根、须根发达，有较强再生力，但对土壤穿透力弱^[2]。